November 24, 2011 at 5:32 pm
· Filed under Kinds, Living
As mentioned above, the hybrid method is an integration of several other methods. In the absence of an established hybrid method, businesses and companies basically formulate and improvise their own hybrid systems of accountancy. The existence of financial accounting software makes the formulation, development, improvisation and operation of a hybrid system quite easy. The following is the usual way in which the hybrid method works.
1.Anticipation and Costing: This is the first step. Any business organization needs to spend money to produce goods or provide services. The business then resorts to the costing of the product, that is, the expenditure is assessed, considering the per unit cost that the company incurs.
2.Actual Transaction, Journal, Ledger: In case if the transaction is sanctioned by the accounts and finance department, it is entered and recorded on a cash transactional basis. All the entries throughout the year go through the journal and ledger. In cases where the direct cash is used, a cash book entry is done.
3.Tax and Duties: This is a salient feature of the hybrid method. Every transaction is taxed or something needs to be paid to the government. Instead of ascertain tax at the year-end, it is calculated right during the transaction. Often a monetary provision for such tax is made as soon as the transaction is made.
4.Predictable Expenditures: This one is similar to the tax provision. There are certain expenditures which can be predicted. In such cases, cost analysis of expenditures such as raw material procurement, maintenance charges, power consumption, liability payoffs is done and provision for the same is made. This also helps in cost and profit ascertainment.
5.Inventory Analysis: The inventory and its worth is frequently analyzed as it is a crucial part of the asset side of the balance sheet.
6.Consolidation of Accounts: Consolidation of accounts is done by companies which own and operate several businesses and establishments. Different accounts, incomes, expenditures, assets and liabilities and other significant accounts are consolidated on a daily basis, so that management personnel can view the entire thing as a single individual company’s statements.
7.Cost Analysis Statements: Preparation of cost analysis statements is a salient feature where financial accounting and costing brilliantly mix. In a said company, there are several processes working at the same time. A statement indicating the expenditures of each process, per unit and per minute/hour is calculated. The total sales and profit figures of every process are also calculated and indicated on the statement. This is done on a daily basis.
8.Final Accounts: The final accounts are often prepared on a daily basis, these usually include an income and expenditure account, a balance sheet and a cash flow statement (which hints the rise and fall in cash flow). Now, these statements are strictly accrual in nature, and contain market prices of all assets and liabilities. The statement indicates the financial status of the company on a daily basis.
9.Indexes: Due to the highly dynamic nature of modern businesses, graphs indicating, three chief components, namely, assets, liabilities, income and expenditures, are updated every day. Read the rest of this entry »
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November 3, 2011 at 10:33 pm
· Filed under Living
1. Reduction in Tax Liability
Once the transferrer transfers his/her assets to an entity, his/her taxes on the estate are reduced. This is because, those assets will no longer be included in his personal assets anymore.
2. Reduction in Financial Liability
By creating an irrevocable trust, transferrer’s assets are protected from his/her financial liabilities. In case he/she defaults, or undergoes bankruptcy, the assets in the irrevocable trust cannot be confiscated for any legal action.
3. Free from Court Intervention
After the death of the transferrer, the court does not need to be involved in the process of transferring of assets, unless some dispute has occurred regarding it.
Cons of an Irrevocable Trust
1. Permanent Transfer of Estate
Because its a permanent transfer, a transferrer cannot change his/her decision of making the transfer.
2. Transferrer Immediately Loses His Right on the Assets
The transferrer loses his right on the assets mentioned in the trust from the moment he signs the trust/document.
3. Transferrer is Deprived of the Income Generated
Not only does the transferrer lose his ownership on the assets, but is also deprived of the income generated from it. Read the rest of this entry »
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November 3, 2011 at 10:31 pm
· Filed under Living
First of all, congratulations on your venture! You are soon going to do a lot of people good! Now, before I move onto tips and tricks of the business, let me first throw light on some of the basics, for you cannot and should not get the basics wrong! Here are my 3 basic tips from the customer point-of-view.
The Coffee
Now this might sound too obvious a suggestion, but it isn’t, for the importance of serving GOOD coffee cannot be emphasized enough. Make sure you serve real good coffee, especially if you want to increase the number of regulars frequenting your coffee shop. You can have all different kinds of brew, all different mixes and what not. But if the basic, simple coffee you serve at your coffee shop is not up to the mark, no one is going to come back! Understand the psyche behind this – a new customer always orders something ‘safe’ at a new coffee shop or restaurant. He/she rates the entire coffee shop based on that first cuppa. That might sound unfair, but it is true! Now, if the simplest of the coffees you serve does not live up to the customer’s expectations, why is he/she ever going to come back?
Tip: Practice and practice and practice till you get your brew right, and train and train and train till your baristas gets it right too. Also, learn from feedback. When you take orders, ask your customer if he/she likes his/her coffee black, strong or sweet.
The Mood
A lot of the success of coffee shops is dependent on the overall look, feel and mood of the place. The furnishing and interiors of your coffee shop, and how you have decorated the place, should all make up a harmonious picture, where your customer feels comfortable, relaxed, and welcomed. Make sure you have ample floor space. Do not cram too many tables in a small place. Customers do not want other people to even accidentally eavesdrop on their conversations! Finally (and this is the most important thing), keep your place clean. This includes the tables, chairs, serving and billing counters, displays, and most importantly, the washroom.
Tip: Get friends and family to visit your coffee shop before it is open to customers and rate it for different things – experience, ambiance, etc. Work to improve the feedback. Read the rest of this entry »
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